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In the same year, during an HPAI (H7N7) outbreak in poultry in Italy, an avian influenza virus of H7 subtype was isolated from a Saker falcon ( Falco cherrug) ( 6). ( 5) isolated influenza virus (H7N3) from a Peregrine falcon ( Falco peregrinus) kept as a falconry bird in the United Arab Emirates. In the past, HPAI rarely occurred in birds of prey and only in isolated cases.
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In this respect, birds of prey represent a bridging species and may pose a risk of transmitting the virus to humans or to other captive avian species, including poultry. In falconry, birds of prey are also regularly kept in captivity and come in close contact with humans. Many species are migratory or cover an extensive territory and may spread the virus within or between countries. Birds of prey are at increased risk for infection with HPAI virus because they regularly feed on avian carcasses and diseased avian prey ( 3, 4). Gallinaceous poultry are considered to be highly susceptible, whereas waterfowl may show variable clinical signs depending on the strain of infecting virus. Susceptibility to this virus and the possible role as vectors or reservoirs vary greatly between different wild bird and poultry species ( 1, 2). In particular, HPAI (H5N1) of Asian lineage is known for its potential to be transmitted to mammals, including humans. Highly pathogenic avian influenza A (HPAI) virus poses a major threat to poultry but is also of great concern for other avian species and humans. Vaccination could protect these valuable birds and, through reduced virus shedding, reduce risk for transmission to other avian species and humans. Vaccinated birds showed no influenza virus antigen in tissues and shed virus at lower titers from the oropharynx only. For the nonvaccinated birds, histopathologic examination showed tissue degeneration and necrosis, immunohistochemical techniques showed influenza virus antigen in affected tissues, and these birds shed high levels of infectious virus from the oropharynx and cloaca. All vaccinated birds survived all unvaccinated birds died within 5 days. We then challenged 5 vaccinated and 5 nonvaccinated falcons with HPAI (H5N1). Ten falcons vaccinated with an inactivated influenza virus (H5N2) vaccine seroconverted. It does not store any personal data.Because fatal infections with highly pathogenic avian influenza A (HPAI) virus subtype H5N1 have been reported in birds of prey, we sought to determine detailed information about the birds’ susceptibility and protection after vaccination. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional".
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